Sustainability Indicators
Last updated: 19 March 2026
Information in respect of sustainability indicators in relation to adverse impacts on the climate and other environment‐related adverse impacts in accordance with Article 66 (5) MiCAR.
About the Crypto Asset Service Provider (CASP)
Name of the CASP: Due Network SL (“Due”)
Street and number: Paseo de la Castellana 91, 4-1, 28046
City: Madrid
Country: Spain
LEI: 89450026TTLUZJV1XM36
About this report
This disclosure serves as evidence of compliance with the regulatory requirements of MiCAR 66 (5). This requirement obliges crypto asset service providers to disclose significant adverse factors affecting the climate and the environment. In particular, this disclosure complies with the requirements of “Commission Regulation (EU) 2025/422 of December 17, 2024, supplementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to regulatory technical standards specifying the content, methods and presentation of information relating to sustainability indicators related to climate-related and other environmental impacts.“ The optional information specified in Article 6, par. 8 (a) to (d) DR 2025/422 is not included. This report is valid until material changes occur in the data, which will result in an immediate adjustment of this report.
USDC
The information contained in this report is taken from the official website of the cryptocurrency issuer. The complete white paper can be found here.
Mandatory information on principal adverse impacts on the climate
| General Information |
| S.1 Name |
Circle Internet Financial Europe SAS |
| S.2 Relevant legal entity identifier |
969500OYUDADGZKCR583 |
| S.3 Name of the crypto-asset |
USDC |
| S.4 Consensus Mechanism |
Not applicable as USDC is a token and therefore does not have a consensus mechanism. USDC runs on base layers, which may be blockchains or layer-2 networks, in turn based on blockchains. Blockchains rely on consensus mechanisms to ensure their decentralised network of nodes can reach agreement around transaction validity and ordering. |
| S.5 Incentive Mechanisms and Applicable Fees |
Each blockchain supported has developed its own incentive mechanisms and request fees to realise transactions. Please refer to the website of each of these blockchains for more details on the mechanisms in place. As of today, Circle SAS does not take additional fees on these mechanisms. |
| S.6 Beginning of the period |
2024-10-17 |
| S.7 End of the period |
2025-10-16 |
| Mandatory key indicator on energy consumption |
| S.8 Energy consumption |
Due supports USD Coin (USDC) exclusively in its natively issued form across the distributed ledger networks it integrates, including Ethereum, Optimism, Base, Arbitrum, Polygon, Avalanche, Solana, and Starknet. Due does not support bridged, wrapped, or otherwise non-native representations of USDC on any network. Below is a summary of key sustainability indicators, including estimated energy consumption, associated with the distributed ledger networks supported by Due.
| Base layer |
kWh per calendar year |
| Arbitrum One | 6,753.52664 |
| Avalanche | 2,606.71910 |
| Base | 56.74208 |
| Ethereum | 5,824.09616 |
| Optimism | 8.92221 |
| Polygon | 6.55124 |
| Solana | 72,811.73205 |
| Starknet | Not available yet |
|
| Sources and methodologies |
| S.9 Energy consumption sources and methodologies |
Data provided by the MiCA Crypto Alliance as a third party, with no deviations from the calculation guidance of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/422, Article 6(5). As the base layers are decentralised networks, estimates on individual node power draw are used. Full methodology available at: https://www.micacryptoalliance.com/methodologies |
EURC
The information contained in this report is taken from the official website of the cryptocurrency issuer. The complete white paper can be found here.
Mandatory information on principal adverse impacts on the climate
| General Information |
| S.1 Name |
Circle Internet Financial Europe SAS |
| S.2 Relevant legal entity identifier |
969500OYUDADGZKCR583 |
| S.3 Name of the crypto-asset |
EURC |
| S.4 Consensus Mechanism |
Not applicable as EURC is a token and therefore does not have a consensus mechanism. EURC runs on base layers, which may be blockchains or layer-2 networks, in turn based on blockchains. Blockchains rely on consensus mechanisms to ensure their decentralised network of nodes can reach agreement around transaction validity and ordering. |
| S.5 Incentive Mechanisms and Applicable Fees |
Each blockchain we support has developed its own incentive mechanisms and request fees to realise transactions. Please refer to the website of each of these blockchains for more details on the mechanisms in place. As of today, Circle SAS does not take additional fees on these mechanisms. |
| S.6 Beginning of the period |
2024-10-17 |
| S.7 End of the period |
2025-10-16 |
| Mandatory key indicator on energy consumption |
| S.8 Energy consumption |
Due supports EUR Coin (EURC) exclusively in its natively issued form across the distributed ledger networks it integrates, including Ethereum and Base. Due does not support bridged, wrapped, or otherwise non-native representations of EURC on any network. Below is a summary of key sustainability indicators, including estimated energy consumption, associated with the distributed ledger networks supported by Due.
| Base layer |
kWh per calendar year |
| Base | 12.12053 |
| Ethereum | 725.75169 |
|
| Sources and methodologies |
| S.9 Energy consumption sources and methodologies |
Data provided by the MiCA Crypto Alliance as a third party, with no deviations from the calculation guidance of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/422, Article 6(5). As the base layers are decentralised networks, estimates on individual node power draw are used. Full methodology available at: https://www.micacryptoalliance.com/methodologies |